The Observation Theory EncyclopediaFrom TSKAboutBy kindBy chapterBy Lean fileLedgerProvenance

DBSCAN instrument

DefinitionA clustering that calls a point a core point when at least a minimum number of points lie within a radius, grows clusters by reachability from core points, and leaves the rest as noise. Chapter 9. Also core point.
ExampleWith radius 0.5 and a minimum of 4 neighbours, a point with 6 neighbours within 0.5 is a core point and a point with none is noise.
BookData Mining as Observation, draft 0.2, commit f3914f0; entry id dbscan, kind instrument.
Statusno ledger row names this entry. Corrections: none recorded.
Defining equation

Book equation 9.1.

Assumptions and scope
  • A clustering that calls a point a core point when at least a minimum number of points lie within a radius, grows a cluster by reachability from core points, and leaves the rest as noise. A wider radius or a smaller count makes more core points, every reachability chain starts at a core point, and a point that is not a core point reaches nothing.
  • Its read subspace is the density coordinate, the one the geodesic reader of a spectral embedding discards, so two clustering consumers of one embedding read complementary coordinates.
Prior artnone recorded
Evidencelean/DataMiningAsObservation/Dbscan.lean
Reviewednot yet reviewed; generated 2026-09-10 from records at the commits on the provenance page.
noisenoisenoisenoisenoisenoisenoisenoiseradiuscore point, enough neighbours in radiusnoise
Core points by neighbour count within a radius, clusters by reachability, the rest noise.

Equation

Book equation 9.1.

\[\mathrm{SSE}=\sum_{k=1}^{K}\sum_{i\in\mathcal C_k}\|x_i-c_k\|^{2},\qquad\text{the }P_C=I\text{ distortion summed within clusters}.\]

Conditions

Conditions are curated in entries.toml rather than read from a record.

Ledger

none

First stated

Ester, Kriegel, Sander, and Xu, a density-based algorithm for discovering clusters, 1996, as chapter 9 section 9.1 of Data Mining as Observation reads it.

Measurements

none

Failures and corrections

none

Invariance envelope

none declared

Machine checked

lean/DataMiningAsObservation/Dbscan.lean, theorems ball_mono, core_mono, core_anti, reach_from_core, noise_unreachable, at observation-data-mining f3914f0; what the check covers is stated in the book’s appendix C.

Used in

Data Mining as Observation chapters 9, 10.

Related

density; k-means; hierarchical clustering; spectral clustering; outlier.

See also

Book equations stated beside the entry’s terms, not defining it: 0.19, 10.3.

Ledger rows that cite the entry’s records without naming it: NEG-11.

Sources-table rows that share a record with the entry without naming it: chapter 9 section 9.1, chapter 10 section 10.1.

Status

Generated 2026-09-10 by encyclopedia/generate.py; book at observation-data-mining f3914f0; the commit of every record is listed in the encyclopedia’s provenance.

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