least-squares line concept
| Definition | The straight line predicting one column from another that minimizes the sum of squared vertical errors, with slope the covariance over the variance of the predictor, passing through the two means, and accounting for r squared of the variance. Primer S, equation S.13. Also regression line. |
|---|---|
| Example | x = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) and y = (2, 4, 5, 4, 5) give slope 0.6, intercept 2.2, and r squared 0.6. |
| Book | Data Mining as Observation, draft 0.2, commit f3914f0; entry id least-squares-line, kind concept. |
| Status | no ledger row names this entry. Corrections: none recorded. |
| Defining equation | Book equation S.13. |
| Assumptions and scope | none |
| Prior art | none recorded |
| Evidence | none |
| Reviewed | semantic review 2026-09-09; generated 2026-09-10 from records at the commits on the provenance page. |
Equation
Book equation S.13.
\[\hat y=a+b\,x,\qquad b=\frac{\operatorname{Cov}(X,Y)}{\operatorname{Var}(X)},\qquad a=\bar y-b\,\bar x,\qquad r^{2}=\frac{\text{variance explained}}{\text{variance of }Y}.\]
Conditions
none
Ledger
none
First stated
Primer S section S.5 of Data Mining as Observation, added in draft 0.3 (2026-09-09) for the ECE 514 readers whose first courses are far behind. The idea is standard and TSK Appendix C covers it at length.
Measurements
none
Failures and corrections
none
Invariance envelope
none declared
Machine checked
none
Used in
Data Mining as Observation primer S, chapters 6.
Related
correlation; covariance; residual; explained variance.
See also
none
Status
Generated 2026-09-10 by encyclopedia/generate.py; book
at observation-data-mining f3914f0; the commit of every record is listed
in the encyclopedia’s provenance.